IFFO Logo

水产养殖业

(来源:联合国粮农组织《2022年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》报告)

区域细分

联合国粮农组织指出,亚洲在养殖鱼类的生产中占主导地位(过去20年中,亚洲占全球总产量的89%)。智利、中国和挪威分别是美洲、亚洲和欧洲的主要生产国。这三个国家在2020年都有所增长。(联合国粮农组织《2022年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》报告)。

下表显示了全球各地区水产养殖产量分布情况(《2022年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》报告):

捕捞产量分布

物种

鲤鱼是产量最高的养殖鱼类。预计在此期间,产量将继续下降,这种下降趋势始于20世纪90年代末。与此同时,虾和对虾的比例预计将增加,而罗非鱼和鲑鱼的份额将大致保持稳定(2023年粮农组织-经合组织报告)。

水产饲料

鱼粉和鱼油是水产饲料的重要原料。正如联合国粮农组织《2022年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》报告(第79页)所述:“鱼粉和鱼油仍被视为养殖鱼类饲料中最有营养、最易消化的成分,也是ω-3脂肪酸(二十碳五烯酸[EPA]和二十二碳六烯酸[DHA])的主要来源。”

鱼粉的年产量约为500万吨。越来越多的鱼粉和鱼油是采用鱼副产品生产的:“随着渔业和水产养殖产品加工业不断发展,鱼副产品的数量也在不断增加,可能已占到加工鱼品的70%,具体因鱼的大小、物种、加工类型而异……鱼头、骨架、鱼片边角料、鱼腩以及鱼肝、鱼卵等内脏是长链ω-3脂肪酸、维生素A、D和B12等营养物质以及铁、锌、钙、磷和硒等矿物质的绝佳来源。”(联合国粮农组织《2022年世界渔业和水产养殖状况》报告,第80页)

根据IFFO的数据,2021年,全球30%的鱼粉产量和51%的鱼油总产量来自副产品

由于鱼粉的使用效率和专业用途得到了提升,水产养殖生产规模将能扩大。

有关鱼粉及其在水产养殖业中的使用的信息,请参阅以下文章:

Fishmeal and Fish Oil and its role in Sustainable Aquaculture Publication: Andrew Jackson, International Aquafeed, 2012, September/October, p18-21
How much whole fish does aquaculture consume? (Only in Spanish) Publication: Andrew Jackson and Francisco Aldon, InfoPesca International, 2012, 49, p24 - 27
Is Fishmeal for Aquaculture Sustainable? Publication: Andrew Jackson, IFFO versus Willie McKenzie, Greenpeace, The Longliner, Issue 3, p10
Connections between farmed and wild fish: Fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients in sustainable aquaculture Publication: Andrew Jackson and Jonathan Shepherd, Advancing the aquaculture Agenda: Workshop Proceedings, 2010, p 331 - 343
Fishmeal, Fish oil - Prime feed ingredients not limiting factors for responsible aquaculture Publication: Andrew Jackson, Global Aquaculture Advocate, 2010, January/February, p14-17
The continuing demand for sustainable Fishmeal and Fish oil in aquaculture diets Publication: Andrew Jackson, International Aquafeed, 2009, September/October, p 28 - 32
European Aquaculture Society - Fish In - Fish Out Ratios explained Publication: Andrew Jackson, Aquaculture Europe, 2009, Vol 34 (3), p5 - 10
How much fish to produce 1 Kg of salmon?- Fish In - Fish Out (FIFO) Ratios explained Publication: Andrew Jackson, Aquaculture Europe, 2009, Vol 34 (3), p 5 - 10
Fishmeal "still best" Publication: Andrew Jackson, Fish Farming International, 2008, September, p 32-33
Fishmeal and fish oil - will they limit the development of aquaculture? Publication: Andrew Jackson, Feed Technology Update, 2007, Vol 2, Issue 1
The importance of Fishmeal and Fish oil in aquaculture diets Publication: Andrew Jackson, International Aquafeed, 2006, November/December, p16 - 19
Protein Supply Balance FIN document 2007
Effect of Different Dietary Protein and Oil Levels in Diet on Growth of Tilapia Comparison of Aquaculture Grade (South American) and Locally Produced Fish Meals. Research Report 1998-9
The role of fishmeal in diets for salmonids Technical Bulletin TB24 1990
The role of fish oil in feeds for farmed fish Technical Bulletin TB25 1990